Introduction

 Caesarean section is a surgical procedure which is used to deliver fetuses from the uterus other than the normal vaginal delivery. It could be elective as well emergency caesarean. Elective caesarean is the procedure that is scheduled ahead of labour pain. It could happen in different conditions, i.e. Breech presentation, congenital small pelvic bone, placenta previa, maternal wish. Emergency Caesarean is an operation performed before or during labour due to immediate concerns to the mother or fetus. The major reasons for Emergency Caesarean are foetal distress, failure to advance in labour induction, preeclampsia, gestational induced diabetes, hypertension, oligohydramnios, breech presentation.

Objectives

1. To measure the frequency of Elective vs Emergency caesarean

2. To assess the risk factors associated with Elective vs Emergency caesarean

Material and Methods

A cross sectional study was conducted from February to June, 2023, at NWTH, NWGH and HMC tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. We conducted a survey of 137 patients (according to WHO sample size) and analyzed the results using SPSS software. The questioner consists of Eight different questions. The ratio of emergency and elective patients are 48.2 and 51.8 respectively.

Conclusion

Our study reveals that a sizable percentage of participants (48.2%) were under the age of 30.This shows that a sizable portion of the participants were young, which may have an effect on the results of pregnancies and deliveries. In comparison to older mothers, younger mothers may have distinct health and medical demands

     Results

In our study 48.2% (66) of the participants had delivered through emergency caesarean section while 51.8% (71) had an elective C-section. The cause of C-section of 29.2% (40) of the participants was a repeat caesarean, for 9.5% (13) it was foetal distress, for 15.3% (21) the cause was breech presentation of the foetus, for 4.4% (6) it was prolonged labour, for 11.7% (16) it was cephalo pelvic disproportion, for 12.4% (17) the cause was preeclampsia.

Conclusion;

The rate of elective caesarian section was higher than emergency c section as opposed to the recommendation by the WHO.

KEYWORDS;

Elective caesarean section, Emergency caesarean section, Maternal outcome, Fetal outcome, indications, risk factors.